Colour photograph of a large crowd gathered outdoors, many holding orange balloons and wearing orange hats, with several people standing on a platform at the right.
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Koningsdag, a history of King's Day in the Netherlands

A short history of the Netherlands' national holiday

Why the Dutch celebrate on 27 April

by
Europeana Foundation

On 27 April every year, the Dutch celebrate their national holiday - King's Day, a national holiday in the Netherlands, Curacao, Sint Maarten and Aruba. It's the birthday of King Willem-Alexander and has been celebrated since he became king in 2013.

Before this, the Netherlands celebrated Queen's Day. Read on to discover the history of this national holiday.

Celebrating a young princess

Before Queen's Day, the Dutch celebrated 'Princess Day' on 31 August. The first celebration was in 1885, on the fifth birthday of the then young Princess Wilhelmina, heir to the Dutch throne. The initiative was taken by an editor of a local newspaper with the aim to emphasize national unity.

Koningin Wilhelmina en prinses Juliana in het gezelschap van Willem de Vlugt, burgemeester van Amsterdam, bij een bezoek aan huize Lydia op het Roelof Hartplein

After the death of King Willem III in 1890 and Wilhelmina becoming Queen, Princess Day was renamed to Queen's Day and celebrated every August.

When her daughter Queen Juliana ascended the throne in 1948, the holiday moved to her birthday on 30 April. Then, in 1980, her daughter, Beatrix retained the celebration on that day after she took the throne.

De 55-ste verjaardag van koningin Juliana. Voordat zij in de auto stapt voor een ritje over het terrein van paleis Soestdijk, zwaait Juliana uitbundig naar het publiek

Koninginnedag in Rotterdam

A large crowd of people hold long ribbons attached to a large hat decoration on a pole.

How is King's Day celebrated?

King's Day is well known for its nationwide flea market and its 'orange madness'.

Many people in the Netherlands sell their secondhand items and dress up in orange as well as the colours of their flag: red, white and blue.

Extensive outdoor parties are held in many cities. Amsterdam is especially known for its festivities and attracts around half a million visitors. For many locals and tourists, it is one of the main events of the year in Amsterdam.

Koninginnedag 31 aug. 1945 Amstelveen.

A busy outdoor market scene with people browsing and selling various items laid out on the ground.
Five people on stilts wearing costumes walk along a street.
A child prepares to kick a ball toward a circular target as a crowd watches, with another child looking through the target opening.

Every year, the Royal Family visits towns in the Netherlands. In these places they are received by the local residents with special celebrations, which often take the form of demonstrations of traditional Dutch dances, crafts, sports and singing performances.